L-Section.doc - Magyarországi Evangélikus Egyház

L Lábán, Rudolf (Pozsony, now Bratislava, Slovakia, 15 December 1879 -
Weybridge, England, 1 July 1958) - Dance teacher. He established his first
dance group in 1896. Between 1900 and 1907, he studied Dance, Architecture
and Theatrical Stage Design in Paris. At this time, he started the
graphical interpretation of dances. In 1907, he was in Vienna, and from
1910 he taught dance in Munich. He founded a school of choreography in
Zurich in 1915, and created the dance method called Choreutika in 1920. He
was a choreographer at the Staatsoper in Berlin in 1930 and 1931 and,
concurrently, he performed in Bayreuth. From 1938 he lived in England. In
1942 he opened his Calisthenics Studio and developed his system of dance
notation. For the modern choreography, he emphasized the importance of
space and space form. The system of dance notation named after him is now
accepted throughout the world. Many of his theoretical works about the
dance were published. - B: 0883, 1138, T: 7685. Labanc (plural: labancok, laboncok, loboncok) - Nickname of those
Hungarians, including nobles, soldiers and citizens, who sided with the
Habsburg Emperor and pro-German policy in the 16th-18th centuries, mainly
at the time of the Freedom Fights of Count Imre (Emeric) Thököly and Prince
Ferenc (Francis) Rákóczi II. The name either came from the word lobonc,
meaning wig that was fashionable at the Vienna Court of the Emperor and
worn by the German-leaning nobles, or from the German expression Lauf Hans
(run John), or the word lafanc meaning slovenly or ragamuffin. Since then,
Labanc had been a synonym for unpatriotic, anti-Hungarian and cowardly
behavior. The opposite of Labanc is Kuruc, a zealous, patriotic pro-
Hungarian person. - B: 0942, 1051, T: 7103. >Freedom Fight of Thököly,
Count Imre; Freedom Fight of Rákóczi II, Prince Ferenc; Kuruc; Kuruc army.
Laborc - (1) Right-hand tributary of the Ung River, which flows into the
Bodrog River, a tributary of the Tisza River. Laborc River was in Historic
Hungary of the Carpathian Basin; today it is in Slovakia and is called
Laborec. The river is 129 km long and its source is near the Dukla Pass in
the Eastern Beskid Range of the Northeastern Carpathians. It flows past the
townships of Homonna (now Humenné) and Nagymihály (now Michalovce) and the
volcanic Vihorlat Range. (2) Anonymus, the Chronicler, mentions Laborc in
his work Gesta Hungarorum, as ruler of the remnant White Ogurs in the
northern part of the Great Plain (Nagyalföld) in the 9th century, who
possessed Hun-vár (Ungvár, now Ushhorod, Ukraine). (3) There is a village
called Mez?-Laborc. - B: 0942, 1031, T: 7103.>Carpathian Mountains;
Anonymus; Gesta Hungarorum. Laborfalvi, Róza (Rose) (née Benke, Mrs. Jókai) (Miskolc, 8 April 1817 -
Budapest, 20 November 1886) - Actress. She used the noble name of her
family as her artistic name. Her father, also an actor, introduced her to
the Castle Theater (Várszínház), in Buda, where she made her debut in 1833.
After a short period in Kassa (now Ko?ice, Slovakia), she performed at the
Castle Theater. From 1837 to 1869, she was a member of he Magyar Theater of
Pest (Pesti Magyar Színház), then a member of the National Theater (Nemzeti
Színház). In retirement, she still appeared in guest roles in country
theaters. She became the wife of the famed writer, Mór (Maurice) Jókai, in
1848. She was renowned for her voice, elocution, figure and expressive
countenance. She was excellent in all her tragic roles, and her commanding,
majestic interpretations were her best performances. Her main roles
included Gertrudis in Katona's Bánk bán; Volumina in Shakespeare's
Coriolanus; Lady Macbeth in Macbeth, Goneril in King Lear, and Orsina in
Lessing's Emilia Galotti. - B: 0883, 1031, 1465, T: 7103.>Jókai, Mór. Laborograph - Flour-testing apparatus. It spreads the flour pastry, and
tests it by measuring the energy required for spreading, and records it in
a diagram (Laborogram). Its advantage is that 20 grams of flour is
sufficient for the test, rating the flour, and consequently also the grain.
Ferenc (Francis) Gruzl patented it in 1940. - B: 1138, 1123, T: 7456. Lace-making>Halas Lace. Lackfi, András (Andrew) (? - 1359) - Transylvanian Voivode, Governor of
Naples. Son of the Lord Chief Treasurer, Lack (i.e. Lack-fi, "son of Lack"
in Hungarian). In 1345, he won an overwhelming victory over the Mongol-
Tartars trying to invade Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania) (1345-1352).
He was also the Bailiff of the Szeklers (Transylvanian Hungarians). In the
meantime, at the end of September 1350, when King Lajos I (Louis the Great,
1342-1382) made a pilgrimage to Rome, he appointed Lackfi Governor of
Naples (subsequent to the King's campaign against Naples), the post he held
until 1352. From 1353, he was the Bán of Macsó, Bailiff in Sopron, and
then again Voivode of Transylvania. - B: 1230, 0883, T: 7456.>Szeklers;
Lajos I. King; Lackfi, István; Macsó Banate; Lackfi Family Clan. Lackfi Family Clan (Laczkfy) - A family of noble rank originating from the
Hermany Clan. The Csáktornyai, Kerekegyházi and Simontornyai families are
its known branches. Its members took leadership roles in the Royal Courts
of Kings Lajos I (Louis the Great, 1342-1382) and Zsigmond (Sigismund of
Luxemburg, 1387-1437). The family's most prominent members were: István
(Stephen) Lackfi (?-1353), leader of the military expedition in Naples;
Dénes (Denis) Lackfi (?-1355), Archbishop of Kalocsa; András (Andrew)
Lackfi (?-1359), Governor of Naples; Dénes (Denis) Lackfi (?-1367), Voivode
of Transylvania; Imre (Emeric) Lackfi (?-1375), Palatine of Hungary; István
(Stephen) Lackfi (?-1397), Palatine of Hungary; Miklós (Nicholas) Lackfi (?-
1368), Commander. The Family died out in 1420. - B: 1153, T: 7676.>Lackfi,
András; Lackfi, István; Lackfi, Miklós. Lackfi, István (Stephen) (? - 1353) - Military leader. He was the first-
born son of Lack, the Lord Chief Treasurer. First, he played a role in the
1319 campaign against Uros, Prince of Serbia. From then on, until his
death, he participated in all the military campaigns of King Károly I
(Charles Robert, 1307-1342) and King Lajos I (Louis the Great, 1342-1382)
of Hungary. Between 1326 and 1343, he was Master of the Horse; from 1331 to
1336, Castellan of Újvár (Holics), Beckó and Berencs; from 1331 Bailiff in
Counties Sopron, Vas and Nyitra, then Lord Chief Treasurer. From 1344 to
1350, he was Voivode of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). During the
1348-1349 campaign against Naples, he was the leader of King Lajos' Army,
winning victories at Ascoli on 23 January 1349, and between Aversa and
Naples, on 6 June 1349. Between 1351 and 1353 he was Ban of Croatia and
Slavonia. As an acknowledgement of his outstanding services, he received
considerable land grants in Transdanubia from the Kings. - B: 0883, T:
7456. >Károly I. King; Lajos I. King; Lackfi, András; Lackfi Family Clan. Lackfi, Miklós (Nicholas) (?-1368) - Military leader. From 1347 to 1366 he
was Bailiff in County Zemplén. From 1367 to 1368 he was Voivode of
Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). In the second campaign against
Naples in 1350, he won a great victory at Benevento. He took part in the
Lithuanian campaigns in 1351 to 1353 and, in 1356 he was the leader of the
Hungarian army unit sent to assist Pope Innocent VI. - B: 0883, T: 7456.>
Benevento, Battle of; Lackfi Family Clan. Lackner, Kristóf (Christopher) (Sopron, 19 November 1571 - Sopron, 29
December 1631) - Lawyer, municipal official. He was son of a rich
goldsmith, Ádám Lackner and Borbála (Barbara) Schiffer. He completed his
high school studies in Csepreg, under the renowned teacher Miklós
(Nicholas) Gabelmann, and followed him to Graz, when he was transferred
there. From here, Baron Saurau invited the talented young man to be his
son's instructor and, in 1591, the Baron sent both of them to the
University of Padua, where Lackner decided to study Law. After four years
he obtained a Doctorate in Law (as a Protestant in a Catholic University,
it was unprecedented). He traveled throughout Italy and returned to his
birthplace in Sopron, in Hungary in 1597, where he was elected as an inner
member of the Municipal Council in the same year. In 1599 he became
Counselor, and in 1613 Mayor for the first time, and was re-elected six
times consecutively, and one more time, when he was already ill. In his 32-
year civic service, he spent 11 years as Mayor, 6 as Town Magistrate, and
15 as counselor. He was also several times a deputy for the Hungarian Diet
(1622, 1625) and, in 1604, he founded a scholarly society. He also worked
as a goldsmith. Childless, he left most of his fortune to the town of
Sopron, earmarked for free citizens of Sopron from Turkish captivity; for a
dowry to marry off poor girls; and as stipends for Sopron's youngsters. He
was author of 12 works, including Coronae Hungariae emblematica descriptio
(Description of the Emblems on the Hungarian Crown) (1615); Maiestatis
Hungariae Aquila (1617), and Cura Regia (1616). He wrote treatises and
several Latin school plays that were performed by the students of Sopron,
as well as the Emblematischer Jugend Spiegel (1618). He even illustrated
his works. He founded the Noble Scientists' Society of Sopron in 1604. King
Mátyás II (Matthias, 1608-1619) granted him nobility. He was one of the
early representatives of Hungarian Political Science. His autobiography was
left in manus