Irregular 1 : Stem-changing verbs - MFL Resources

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This month's focus: the Present tense
(revision & reinforcement)

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Nombre:

Noviembre 2003













































Gramática


Nouns

- Gender
- Plurales

Adjectives

- Agreement

Present Tense

- Group 1: -AR verbs
- Group 2 & 3: -ER/ -IR verbs
- Stem-changing verbs :
- Stem-changing verbs :

Important Irregular verbs

- Ser
Irregular verbs : First person present tense
- Tener
- Tener y venir
Special Verbs : (" back to front verbs") : Gustar

Revision of basic conversation (role-play questions)


Vocabulario



GCSE ejercicios

2 foundation-, 2 higher- tier exercises

Corrección

Exercises related to Topic 1
NOUNS
Gender

Nouns in Spanish are either singular or plural (as in English) and
masculine or feminine. Usually nouns ending with a "o" are masculine and
those ending with an "a" are feminine.
However, there are a few exceptions. The best way to determine the gender
of a Spanish noun is by noting the definite article (the) preceding it. In
Spanish, there are 4 variations of the.

|THE |Masculine |Feminine |
|Singular |El |la |
|Plural |Los |las |

El cuaderno (masculine, singular), los cuadernos (masculine, plural)

EXCEPTION :
Words ending with an « o » that are not masculine but feminine:
la foto, la radio, la mano, la moto
Words ending with an « a » that are not feminine but masculine:
el problema, el programa, el tema, el día, el mapa

Plural

To form the plural, add -s after a vowel or -es after a consonant
El chico el dolor la silla la flor
Los chicos los Dolores las silla las flores

. Word ending with -z : change -z to -es
Un lápiz, dos lápices
. Words ending with ión, ón or és lose their accents
La canción el francés
Las canciones los franceses

Los Plurales

POR EJEMPLO - Un polideportivo - unos polideportivos

1. Una discoteca - [pic][pic]
2. Un jardín - [pic][pic]
3. Un supermercado - [pic][pic]
4. Un bar - [pic][pic]
5. Un colegio - [pic][pic]
6. Una piscina - [pic][pic]
7. Un club - [pic][pic]
8. Un hotel - [pic][pic]
9. Una cafetería - [pic][pic]
10. Un restaurante - [pic][pic]
11. Un lápiz - [pic][pic]
12. un cuaderno - [pic][pic]
13. un bocadillo - [pic][pic]
14. la vez - [pic][pic]
15. la clase - [pic][pic]
16. un jugador - [pic][pic]
17. el Viernes - [pic][pic]
18. un regalo - [pic][pic]
19. una ciudad - [pic][pic]
20. el canal - [pic][pic]
Adjectives
Adjectives are words such as "blue", small"... which describe nouns.
As all nouns in Spanish have a gender, the adjectives have to "agree" with
the noun (this means that they show which noun they are describing).
Agreement: adjectives change their ending depending on the number and
gender of the noun they refer to.

NOTE: adjectives ending with an "e" or a consonant do not change in
singular.

| |Masculine |Feminine |
|Singular |o |a |
| |E / consonant |
|Plural |os |As |
| |es |


Un gato negro : a black cat
Los ojos azules : blue eyes
Note: "azúl" ends with a consonant so you need to add "es" when plural
and loses its accent in plural form
Una chica española: a Spanish girl
Las gatas negras; the black (she-)cat
Position:
Adjectives usually come after the noun: un libro rojo
Apart from some adjectives like (learn these opposites):
grande ( pequeño joven ( viejo
bueno ( malo nuevo ( antiguo
primero ( ultimo
* ¡A tí te toca! Elige la repuesta correcta.
(choose the right answer)

1.Tengo un perro negro / negra y un gato gris/ grisa.
1. Mi padre es ingles / inglesa y mi madre es español / española.
2. Mañana será un buen / buena día.
3. Tengo muy poco / poca dinero.
4. Tengo los ojos azúl / azules y el pelo rubio / rubia.
........../5

* Spot the mistakes! (1 mistake per sentence)
1. Mi padre tiene una coche (fem.) azula.
2. La mapa de Inglaterra es grande.
3. Las sillas son pequeña.
4. La profesora es muy granda.
5. Los lápizes de colores
6. ¿Tiene un sombrero blanca ?
7. la camisa limpios
8. la maestra es bueno
9. el mano verde
10. El documentario es interesanto.
......../ 10
The Present Tense

In Spanish, you have to learn three different patterns for forming the
present tense.

Which pattern?
Look at the infinitive of the verb (there are 3 groups : -ar, -er, -ir
verbs) and pick the right pattern.

While conjugating a verb, there are 2 things to consider:
1. the group the verb belongs to; 2. the personal pronoun (I, you, he /
she, we, you (plural), they)
There are no "it" as nouns fall into 2 categories: masculine or feminine.
Therefore, choose between él (he) or ella (she).
Note: because the ending of the verb is marked (personal pronoun and verb
group), we usually don't need the personal pronoun.


Patterns (endings)

| |-AR |-ER |-IR |
|Yo (I) |o |o |o |
|tú (you) |as |es |es |
|él (he)/ ella (she) |a |e |e |
|nosotros (we) |amos |emos |imos |
|vosotros (you, pl.) |áis |éis |ís |
|ellos / ellas (they) |an |en |en |

Examples :
Mirar (to look) = mir + ar = mir + o = miro (I look)
Vivir (to live) = viv + ir > viv + imos > vivimos = we live

The other way round: (find out who's speaking and the verb)
Comemos < com + emos (we for ER verbs) < comer = we eat
Más presente -AR

|1. Mis amigos y yo [pic]musica (escuchar) |
|2. Para su cumpleaños Julia [pic]un disco compacto.|
|(desear) |
|3. Víctor y Juan [pic]en la tienda para buscar un |
|regalo. (entrar) |
|4. La dependienta [pic]a los clientes. (mirar) |
|5. Yo [pic]la piscina. (buscar) |
|6. Vosotros [pic]mucho tiempo en el cuarto de baño.|
|(llevar) |
|7. Mi amigo me [pic]su nueva ordenador. (enseñar) |
|8. Tú [pic]las bebidas para la fiesta, ¿vale?. |
|(comprar) |
|9. Víctor y Juan [pic]a mi casa para preparar la |
|fiesta. (regresar) |
|10. Mis amigos y yo [pic]el cumpleños de Julia. |
|(celebrar) |


....../10












Now, practise -IR and -ER verbs

|1. Mis hermanos y yo (vivir) [pic]en una ciudad grande.|
| |
|2. Yo siempre (ver) [pic]a mis hermanas en las |
|vacaciones. |
|3. Mis padres (comer) [pic]en casa pero nosostros |
|[pic]en la playa. |
|4. Mi hermano (leer) [pic]el periódico de arriba abajo.|
| |
|5. Vosotros (salir) [pic]demasiado durante la semana. |
|6. Yo no (discutir) [pic]con él, porque no es |
|importante. |
|7. Al final del día, los tres (subir) [pic]a casa para |
|reunirnos con mis padres. |
|8. Todos ellos (beber) [pic]café o limonada. |
|9. Mi madre (abrir) [pic]las ventanas por la mañana. |
|10. Yo (escribir) [pic]mis apuntes en mi cuaderno en |
|clase. |
|.................../10 |










Irregular 1 : Stem-changing verbs


Although the above grammar point remains true, for some verbs, you need to
apply another rule. It's the radical-changing verbs.
Remember: to conjugate a verb, you chop off the infinitive ending (-ar,
-er, -ir). What remains is called the STEM. With some groups of verbs, this
stem can change in 2 ways (the following lists of verbs are just examples):

A/ DIPHTONG (we add a letter) E becomes IE












The underlined letter changes: Prefiero = I prefer

B/ MUTATION (letter change): -E becomes -I








NOTE: the stem changes when conjugates with every pronouns EXCEPT nosotros
and vosotros



Stem-changing verbs o:ue

1. demostrar -- to demonstrate, to prove:
Arsenio y Ricardo _____________________habilidad en las lenguas.
2. colgar -- to hang:
Vosotros ___________________________la camisa en un clavo.
3. mostrar -- to show:
Yo _____________________mucho interes durante la conferencia.
4. soñar -- to dream:
Yo ____________________________con un coche nuevo.
5. demostrar -- to demonstrate, to prove:
La señora ______________________________hab