Pembangunan bahan pembelajaran tatabahasa Bahasa Melayu

DESIGN OF A BAHASA MELAYU GRAMMAR ONLINE LEARNING PORTAL FOR FORM TWO
STUDENTS USING DELPHI TECHNIQUE
Prof. Dr. Saedah Siraj, Dr. Chin Hai Leng and Alina Ranee
Faculty of Education
University of Malaya This study was aimed at developing a Bahasa Melayu grammar learning
portal for Form Two students (BMGLP). A developmental approach was
used in this study. Needs analysis was carried out on the Bahasa
Melayu teachers and Form Two students. The results of needs analysis
on Form Two students showed that they preferred topics such as
question answering techniques, and proverbs. The Delphi technique
using consensus of experts in Bahasa Melayu was carried out in three
rounds. The findings have resulted in successful development of a
Bahasa Melayu Grammar Learning Portal for Form Two students. Hence it
can be concluded that the BMGLP was successfully developed and can
help students to acquire Bahasa Melayu grammar eficiently. Lastly,
based on the findings, it is suggested that teachers and students use
use web portal materials as supplementary resources to diversify their
learning activities besides enriching their knowledge of Bahasa Melayu
grammar.
Development of a Bahasa Melayu Grammar Learning Portal for Form Two
Students (henceforth BMGLP) can result in a conducive teaching and learning
environment for Bahasa Melayu teachers and Form Two students in Malaysia.
The teachers and Form Two students can access information at any time and
place through the portal, and this will motivate the students in self
learning using the BMGLP.
The rationale for building the BMGP was to help Form Two students in
their online learning so that they can use the portal resources to
supplement their classroom texts. The BMGLP was developed not only for use
by Form Two students but it can also be accessed by Form One and Form Three
students. It can be said that online Bahasa Melayu grammar learning
materials for Form Two students are lacking. The existing online Bahasa
Melayu grammar learning materials only cover limited topics. Chiero (1997)
noted that insufficient training is the main obstacle in computer usage.
Hence, teachers and students need to be given exposure through courses on
ways to access the Internet, computer use, searching for resources on
websites appropriate to the syllabus and students' cognitive level. The
limited knowledge and expertise received enable Bahasa Melayu teachers to
practice technology use as instructional aids when teaching the Bahasa
Melayu subject in class (Zamri Mahamad & Mohamed Amin Embi, 2001).
Mohd. Arif Hj. Ismail and Mohd. Jasmy Abd. Rahman (2000, p. 261)
suggest that developing one's own website offers many advantages such as:
websites are a good alternative to the use of CD-ROMs as teaching
resources; they can be developed taking into account aspects such as
suitability to potential, level and interest of students; they can be
accessed by students, parents and educators without restriction of space or
time; they allow practical preparation for instructors and students before
attending classes or lectures; they encourage Self-Access Learning; and,
the website developed can be linked to other sites and integrated into
other Internet applications such as e-mail, List Serv or Internet Relay
Chat.
The use of Internet applications represent an innovation to teachers
interested in attracting students to reading and information retrieval
(Jamaludin Badusah & Hashimah Haji Hashim, 2005). Teachers can encourage
students to use the Internet in the teaching and learning process in the
computer laboratory. In the teaching of Bahasa Melayu, teachers can
integrate use of web resources as a medium of teaching and learning and
produce teaching materials for the classroom.
Besides that, resources in the BMGLP allow teachers and students to
enhance their knowledge, access information and materials quickly at
negligible cost. The system allows teachers and students to use grammar
learning resources without restriction of time or place and indirectly
encourages self-access learning among secondary school students. Internet
curriculum materials are suitable for self-study and problem solving and
the potential of the Internet lies in promotion of literacy and higher
order thinking (Mike, 1996).
According to Mohd Arif Ismail, Zamri Mahamod dan Norizan Abdul Razak
(2000) from the aspect of Bahasa Melayu learning, Internet use is able to
enhance the effectiveness of teaching and can enhance learner enthusiasm
effectively; learners can understand a topic easily. Internet use can
support multiple types of learning approaches, lessen the obstacles of time
and place and dependence on resources for learning, make available
resources for lifelong learning; and support collaborative learning
activities that researchers believe are important in the learning
experience (Jefferies & Fiaz Hussain, 1998). Purpose of the Study This study was aimed at identifying the needs of Bahasa Melayu
teachers and Form Two students from the aspect of grammar learning
resources needed for the BMGLP. It is also aimed at identifying the major
components, learning topics, type of exercises, activities, type of
assesment questions and grammar learning resources required by Form Two
students and teachers in the BMGLP. This study also is targeted at
identifying the main problems faced by Bahasa Melayu teachers in teaching
activities and learning of grammar among Form Two students in school. It is
also aimed at eliciting opinions from Bahasa Melayu outstanding teachers
regarding topics, exercises, activities, assessment questions, and grammar
learning materials for inclusion in the BMGLP.
Research
Objectives The research objectives are as follows:
1. To obtain feedback, opinions, and suggestions from Bahasa Melayu
experts and Form Two teachers regarding topics, exercises and grammar
learning materials to be included in the BMGLP.
2. To obtain from Bahasa Melayu experts information on what are
considered appropriate techniques and approaches to teaching of Bahasa
Melayu grammar in the BMGLP. Research Questions 1. What are the contents for developing the BMGLP?
1a) What grammar learning materials are suitable for inclusion in the
BMGLP according to the opinión of Bahasa Melayu experts?
1b) What are the main components for building the BMGLP in the opinión
of Bahasa Melayu experts?
1c) What are the grammar topics that need to be included in the BMGLP?
1d) What types of exercises need to be included in the BMGLP accoding
to the Bahasa Melayu experts?
1e) What types of grammar activities must be included in the BMGLP
according to the Bahasa Melayu experts?
2) What are the techniques and approaches through the BMGLP
that are considered appropriate accoding to the view of Bahasa Melayu
experts?
3a) What types of assessment questions need to be developed for the BMGLP
in the opinion of the Bahasa Melayu experts?
3b) What information sources should be included in the BMGLP?
3c) How can the BMGLP be used to enrich the grammar learning strategies
among the Form Two students in the classroom? The Delphi Technique The Delphi technique was developed to collect opinions from experts
in a certain field (Winzenried, 1997). The technique uses a series of
questionnaires to collect knowledge, judgment or opinions of experts in
answering a complex question (Roth, 1990). Delphi is a way to achieve
consensus using expert opinions (Kalivoda & Simpson, 1992); it involves
experts cooperating in solving a general problem (Buckley, 1995). The
Delphi technique is one way to obtain an exact opinion arrived at by
consensus of experts (Saedah Siraj, 2008). It is categorized as an approach
for structuring the group communication process so that it is effective in
allowing a group of individuals to solve a complex problem (Linstone &
Turoff, 2002).
According to Linstone (1978, p. 405), in its simplest form, the Delphi
technique is a carefully designed series of individual interrogations
(usually conducted by written questionnaires) interspersed with information
and opinion feedback. In the Delphi process, the focus is on how the
opinion of experts in the group regarding the discussion differs in
defending various types of situations and how the opinion of group members
differ among themselves (Wilhelm, 2001). A Delphi study is aimed at
achieving expert consensus and consistent opinions from a panel of experts
in two or more successful rounds in a particular research subject (Yang Yu
Nu, 2003). In this study, the Delphi technique is used to achieve consensus
among Bahasa Melayu experts in developing learning materials.
Developing a Web Portal for Use by Teachers and Students According to Mohamed Amin Embi, Zalizan Mohd Jelas dan Sidek Ab Aziz
(2001, p. 114), online programs in Bahasa Melayu specifically targeted at
teachers are lacking; hence online resources need to be developed for
teacher professional development using Bahasa Melayu and English as a
communication medium.
VirTEC was developed in conju