The collection of studies which we are going to follow is nothing but ...

TRANSLATOR'S NOTE I am posting this very rough draft because the task of getting it
edited and into print format has proven more considerable than I
anticipated. The print format of the first two chapters can be accessed at
greenmac.com.
I learned of this book from a study which cited it as a source for
James Joyce in writing Ulysses. I was amazed to discover that it has
apparently never been reprinted. In it I found answers to the confusion and
questions which have been with me ever since first reading Homer's works.
It has been immensely satisfying to translate it. I hope that I have made
things clear.
PREFACE ______ I give here the first volume of my work The Phoenicians and the
Odyssey. Of the twelve books which should form the complete work, this
volume contains the first five; they will take the reader up to the moment
when Ulysses tells his story before a Pheacian audience: FIRST BOOK. -
Topology and Toponyny.
SECOND BOOK - The Telemachea.
THIRD BOOK - Calypso.
FOURTH BOOK - The Phoenician
navigations.
FIFTH BOOK - Nausicaä. The second volume will comprise the entire account of Ulysses
to Alkinoös, then his departure from Pheacia and his return to Eumaus; I
would particularly insist on the marvelous adventures of the Nostos: SIXTH BOOK - The Song of
the Corsairs.
SEVENTH BOOK - Lotus-eaters and
Cyclops.
EIGHTH BOOK - Aeolos and the
Lestrygons.
NINTH BOOK - Circe and the
Land of the Dead.
TENTH BOOK - The Sirens,
Charybdis and Scylla, the Isle of the Sun.
ELEVENTH BOOK - Ithaca.
TWELFTH BOOK - The Composition
of the Odysseia. My study ends with the return of Ulysses to his Ithaca. I do not
take the entire Odyssey, but only the Telemachea and the Nostos, that which
I term the Odysseia or the Ulyssiad, properly speaking, that which the
Ancients named the Return or the Wanderings of the hero. I leave aside the
entire third episode of the poem in its present state and I stop at canto
XVII: the Battle against the Suitors appears to me another poem of an
entirely different author and genre... I hope that the second volume will
appear toward the end of the present year or by the beginning of the year
1903. This work is the result of a multiple collaboration. Beginning
during my stay at l'École française d'Athènes (1887 - 1890), followed by a
thesis at lÉcole Normale on the Origine des Cultes Arcadiens (Thorin,
1894), announced in the Annales de Géographie (1895-1896) by a series of
articles on the Méditerranée Phénicienne, this study of primitive Greece
took its present form during my teaching at l'École des Hautes Études.
Since the day when the department of Historical and Philological Sciences
decided to entrust me with a chair of geographic history of antiquity
(February 1896), I have devoted one of my conferences each zear to some
field of the Homeric world.
By my masters and colleagues, by my listeners and students, the
École des Hautes Études has for six years furnished me the most useful
assistance. I would again like to thank, as they deserve, M. H. Derenbourg
for his advice, MM. H. Hubert and R. Dussaud for their contributions and
corrections. I would especially like to say how much I owe to the missing
master, A. Carrière, whose nearly universal erudition and always ready
assistance noöne, myself included, has been able to put to [more] profit:
after having directed the testing of my first hypotheses, he continued his
priceless advice for seven or eight years. When all the materials of the work were assembled, in March 1901,
I undertook to make the voyage of Ulysses and, with my own eyes, on site,
verify the specifics and descriptions of the books. During the voyage
(March-June), Mme Victor Bérard, who accompanied me, was a collaborator at
all times: it is to her that I owe most of the illustrations of this work.
She took the photographs of all the sites and composed the views of the
coasts and sea; beyond the photographs reproduced in the two volumes, she
has furnished me with hundreds of documents which have permitted me to
write a minute and faithful description of all the Odyssian lands. M. and Mme Édouard Hébert, who have patiently aided or directed
in the puting into print the photographic documents; the commandant of
Gerlach and MM. J. Bonnier and Perez, who will make the voyage of Calypso
for me; M. Neuville, consul of France at Gibraltar, who helped procure me
certain photographs of the strait; M. G. Maspero and his editors, MM.
Hachette & co., who have loaned me the plates from their fine Histoire
Ancienne; M. Salomon Reinach and the directors of the Revue Archéologique,
who collected the first essays of this volume in long articles from it; MM.
C. Jullian and H. Hubert, who have taken the pains to reread all the
printed pages; M. Théo van Rysselberghe, who designed the letters and
design of the cover; finally, my dear master, M. Paul Vidal de Lablanche,
and my dear editors, MM. Max Leclerc and Henri Bourrelier, who have allowed
me to present to the public the result of my researches with all the
necessary illumanation of illustrations and charts; may all those who have
aided and sustained me accept my most sincere thanks. Paris, the 1st of March 1902
THE PHOENICIANS AND THE ODYSSEY VICTOR BÉRARD Translation by MILAN L. HOPKINS, M.D.
VOLUME I TABLE OF CONTENTS
_____ FIRST BOOK
TOPOLOGY AND TOPONYMY Chapter I. - THE STUDY OF GREEK ORIGINS Homer, disciple of the Phoenicians - The topology - Tyrinth and Mycenae
- Mediterranian history - The thalassocracies - Archeological methods
and discoveries - Archeologists and Paleontologists. Chapter II - THE PLACES AND THE NAMES The layers of the Mediterranian - The Astypales - Kos and Kalymnos -
The onomasty - Systems of names - Transcriptions, puns and doublets -
The Odyssey and the Nautical Instructions.
_____ SECOND BOOK
THE TELEMACHEA Chapter I. - SEA ROUTES AND LAND ROUTES Three Pylos and three Pheres - Minimal navigations and maximal portages
- The "law of isthmuses" - Ilium - Peloponnesian routes - Nelean
Pylos - The Door of the Sands. Chapter II. - THE NELEIDS IN MOREA AND IN ASIA MINOR Pylians, Eleans and Arcadians - The Phera of Dioicles - PreHellenic
Arcadia - Routes and bazaars of the Alph - Olympia and Phygalia -
Neda and Zeus Lykaios - Pylos and Patras - Pointed isles - Neleid
royalties.
_______ THIRD BOOK
CALYPSO Chapter I. - THE PRIMITIVE NAVIES AND THEIR ESTABLISHMENTS A sailors' paradise - Springs - The Homeric galleys - Egyptians and
Peoples of the sea - Caverns - Parasitic isles - Strophades and Delos
- Marathon - Trees and lookouts. Chapter II. - A FOREIGN STATION Megara - Minoa - Boeotian routes - Anthropomorphism - Scylla -
Repositories - Salamina - Phoenician Boeotia - Kithera - Megarian
history. Chapter III. - THE ISLE OF THE HIDEOUT Atlas and the Mount of Apes - Pillars of the sky - Strait of Gibralter
- Abila - The Columns - The isle of Calypso - Peregil - Ispania -
Phoenicians and periple - The raft of Ulysses.
_______
FOURTH BOOK
THE PHOENICIAN NAVIGATIONS Chapter I. - THE ISLE SYRIA Phoenicians and Homeric poems - Syria - Syros, Delos and Mykonos -
Greco-Semitic doublets - Soloi - Anemourion - Nagidos - Kragos,
Solyma, Ethiopias - Kasos, Rheneia, Samos - Paxos, Amorgos, Siphnos,
Seriphos - Syria-the-Rock - Thouria, Naxos. Chapter II. - SIDONIANS AND MARSEILLIANS Foreign Artists - Seers - Io and the beautiful Maltese - Trading
posts - Foodstuffs - Wine - Slaves and Metals. Chapter III. - FABRICS AND MANUFACTURES Nicknacks - Chiton, phare and othons - The purpura - Laconia and
fisheries - Kythera - The fisheries of the gulf of Corinth - The
Boeotian Heracles - Tin and bronze - Arms and utensils - Glass and
amber - The Black Sea and the Baltic. Chapter IV. - RHYTHMS AND NUMBERS The week - Seven Sages, Seven Ports, Se