H. Orphans of HIV/AIDS Living with Extended Families - OHCHR

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|Government of the State of Eritrea |
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|ERITREA: FOURTH COUNTRY REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION|
|ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD |
|2008-2010 |
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|Ministry of Labour and Human Welfare |
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|Asmara: December 2011 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ERITREA: BASIC INDICATORS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Pages
I. INTRODUCTION 1
A. General Condition 1
B. Preparation of the Present Report 3
II. GENERAL MEASURES OF IMPLEMENTATION (arts. 4, 42 and 44, para. 6, of the
convention) 4
A. Measures Taken to Harmonise Eritrean Legislation and Practices with the
Principles and Provisions of the CRC. 4
B. Legislation 4
C. Coordination, National Plan of Action, Monitoring, Resources for
Children, and Data Collection and Cooperation with Civil Society 5
D. Advocacy and Awareness Raising in Respect of the Principles and
Provisions of the CRC 9
E. Circulation of the Report 10
III. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 10
A. Principle of Non-Discrimination 10
B. Principle of the Best Interest of the Child 11
C. Respect for the Views of the Child 14
IV. CIVIL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 14
A. Name, Nationality and Birth Registration 14
B. Freedom of Expression 15
C. Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion 15
D. The Right not to be Subjected to Torture or Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Corporal Punishment 16
V. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE CARE 17
A. Parental Guidance and Responsibilities 17
B. Separation from Parents 17
C. Family Environment and Alternative Care 18
E. Adoption 19
F. Community Based Group Home (CBGH) Services 20
G. Orphanages 21
H. Orphans of HIV/AIDS Living with Extended Families 21
I. Families of Martyrs 22
J. Child Abuse 22
K. Children with Disabilities (CWD) 23
VI. BASIC HEALTH AND WELFARE 25
A. Introduction 25
B. Family and Reproductive Health 26
C. The Expanded Program of Immunisation (EPI) 29
D. Nutrition 32
E. Child and Adolescent Health (CAH) 34
F. Environmental Health 35
G. National HIV/AIDS and TB Prevention and Control 37
H. Human Resources Development 41
VII. EDUCATION, LEISURE AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES 41
A. Expansion of the Provision of Education 41
B. Special Needs or Inclusive Education 50
C. Adult and Continuing Education 52
D. Vocational and Technical Education (TVET) 53
E. Girls' Education 54
F. Curriculum Reform, Material Development and Dissemination 54
G. Promotion of Life Skills/HIV/AIDS Education 55
H. Consolidation of the School Support System 56
I. Sports, Culture and Health Related Activities 56
VIII. SPECIAL PROTECTION MEASURES (art. 22, 30, 38, 40) 57
A. Refugees and Internally Displaced Children 57
C. Land Mine Victims 58
D. Street Children 59
E. Economic Exploitation Including Child Labour 60
F. Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse 61
G. Juvenile Justice 61
IX. RATIFICATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS 62
X. CONCLUSIONS 65
Annex 1 66
REPORT ON THE TWO OPTIONAL PROTOCOLS OF 'THE INVOLVEMENT OF CHILDREN IN
ARMED CONFLICT'; AND ON THE 'SALE OF CHILDREN, CHILD PROSTITUTION AND CHILD
PORNOGRAPHY' (Committee's recommendations no. 86) 66
A. Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict 66
B. Legislations on the Sale, Trafficking and Abduction, and Child
Prostitution and Child Pornography 66
C. Contribution of Traditional Norms and Customary Laws 67
D. Programs and Activities Implemented 68
LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Orphans Re-Unified With Families 19
Table 2: Adoption 20
Table 3: Orphans Placed in Group Homes 20
Table 4: Orphan Children Cared for in Orphanage Centres 21
Table 5: Assisted Infected & affected Orphans of HIV/AIDS Living with
Families 21
Table 6: Distribution of Children-Headed Households due to HIV/AIDS 22
Table 7: Donkey and Accessories for Children with Disabilities by Age
(2008-2010) 24
Table 8: Disabled Children Provided with Orthopedic Appliances 25
Table 10: Rates of Neonatal, Infant and Child Mortality 26
Table 11: Number of Children Less than 2 Years of Age, Immunized with DPT 3
and Measles 30
Table 12: Number of Women of Reproductive Age Who Received Tetanus Toxoid
Vaccine during SOS 30
Table 13: Maternal Health and Rates of Immunisation 31
Table 14: Rates of Immunization of Pregnant Women 31
Table 15: Percent vaccinated for children aged 12-23 months by Region:
2010 EPHS 31
Table 16: Measles OPV Campaign Report (May 2009) 32
Table 17: Distribution of CLTS in Eritrea (as of September 2010) 36
Table 18: Distribution of VCT Sites by Region and Type as of 2010 38
Table 19: Yearly Performance of VCT Services between 2008 and 2010 38
Table 20: VCT Clients and their HIV Positivity Rate by Sex Jan-Jun 2010
38
Table 21: Number of PMTCT Sites (2008-2010) 39
Table 22: ART Intake in Children and Adults by Year (first six months of
2010) 39
Table 23 Number of AIDS Cases Reported by Age Group (2008-2010) 40
Table 24: Number of AIDS Deaths Reported by Age Group (2008 - 2010) 40
Table 25: Pre-primary Enrolment by Year and Gender 43
Table 26: Pre-primary Enrolment: School Ownership and Location 44
Table 27: Pre-primary Schools: Ownership and Location 44
Table 28: Pre-primary Gross Enrolment and Net Enrolment Ratios 44
Table 29: Elementary Education: Enrolment by Grade and Sex 45
Table 30: Elementary Enrolment: School Ownership and Location 45
Table 31: Elementary Schools: Ownership and Location 45
Table 32: Elementary Education Percentage of Repeaters by Sex 45
Table 33: Middle School Enrolment by Grade and Sex 46
Table 34: Middle Schools: Ownership by Urban/Rural Distribution 46
Table 35: Middle School Education: GER and NER by Sex 46
Table 36: Percentage of Children Completing Elementary and Middle School
Education 46
Table 37: Secondary School Enrolment by Grade and Sex 47
Table 38: Secondary Schools: Ownership by Location 47
Table 39: Teacher to Pupil Ratio by Level and Year 47
Table 40: Class Size by Level and Year 48
Table 41: Pre- primary School Teachers by Sex and Urban/Rural 48
Table 42: Elementary School Teachers by Sex and Urban/Rural 49
Table 43: Middle School Teachers by Sex and Urban/Rural 49
Table 44: Secondary School Teachers by Sex and Year 49
Table 45: Flow Rates by School Level and Sex 50
Table 46: Number of Pupils attending Special Schools 50
Table 47: CWD in Regular Schools by Type of Impairment and Sex 51
Table 48: CWD by Level and Region 2009/10 51
Table 49: Literacy Participants: by Age, Sex and Year 52
Table 50: Education for Out-of-School Children - Enrolment, Teachers and
Centers 52
Table 51: Technical and Vocational Enrolment by Sex and Year 53
Table 52: Certificate Level Enrolment at Technical and Vocational Schools
by Sex and Year 53
Table 53: Enrolment at the National Centers for Vocational Training by Sex
and Year 54
Table 54: Percentage of Enrolment of Female Students by Level 54
Table 55: Demographic data of refugees in Eritrea by age group (2010)
57
Table 56: Number of Street Children Given Educational Materials Support
59
Table 57: Alleged Juvenile Crimes Reported to the Police by Type of Offence
and Sex 62
ABBREVIATIONS ACRWC African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of Children
AFP Acute Flaccid Paralysis
ANC Antenatal Care
ARI Acute Respiratory Infection
ATEI Asmara Teachers Education Institute
ART Antiretroviral Therapy
BCC Behaviour Change Communication
BCG Bacillous Calnette Guerin
BMS Breast Milk Substitutes
BoD Burden of Diseases
CAH Child and Adolescent Health
CBGH Community Based Group Homes
CBRP Community Based Rehabilitation/Reunification Program
CBRV Community Based Rehabilitation Volunteers
CBTF Community Based Therapeutic Feeding
CC Cold Chain
CCWL Children in Conflict With the Law
CEDAW Convention for the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
CEE Complementary Elementary Education
CHD Coronary Heart Disease
CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation
CPD Continuing Professional Development
CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child
CSEC Commercially Sexually Exploited Children
CSS Child Survival Strategy
CSTR Combined Second and Third Report
CVT Centre for Vocational Training
CWD Children with Disability
CWBC Child Wellbeing Committee
CBRV Community Based Rehabilitation Volunteers
DCW Division of Child Welfare
DPCE Draft Penal Code of Eritrea
DPT Diphtheria
ECCE Early Child Care and Education
ECD Early Childhood Development
EFA E