SENTENCE ANALYSIS

ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY - EXERCISES













CONTENTS





|Sentence analysis |1 |
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|Parts of speech (word classes) and the morphemic | |
|structure of words |6 |
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|Communication types of sentences |9 |
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|Nouns |12 |
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|Pronouns |24 |
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|Adjectives and adverbs |40 |
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|Glossary of grammatical terms |45 |
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|Relative clauses vs. dependent questions |48 |
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|Works used in preparing the exercises |49 |
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SENTENCE ANALYSIS

(1) Analyse the following sentences in terms of sentence elements and
phrases.

1. The boat sank.


2. Some of the guests are lying on the grass.


3. Emma wore a mini-skirt.


4. The refreshments are outside.


5. Emma looked attractive.


6. The train-robbers placed a heap of explosives across the tracks.


7. John is in the garden.


8. They considered him a fool.


9. John Brown became leader of the party.


10. The wounded man was breathing heavily.


11. This idea sounds absolutely wonderful.


12. The furniture in their office is in bad condition.


13. The negotiations are at a standstill.


14. His mother gave that beggar some old clothes.


15. The President made Mr Brown his adviser.


16. His younger brother broke the vase on purpose.


17. Worries turned his hair white.


18. I find them absolutely reliable.


19. This seems a very nice entertainment.


20. We discussed our victory in Italy.


(2)[1] Indicate whether the parts underlined in the sentences below are the
direct object (DO), the indirect object (IO), the subject complement (SC)
or the object complement (OC).

1. Will someone get a doctor, quickly!

2. George and Paul both became famous doctors.

3. Do you call yourself a doctor?

4. May I call you Jenny?

5. May I call you a taxi or something?

6. Call me anything you like.

7. It's so cold. I can't get warm.

8. I can't get my hands warm.

9. Keep quiet. Keep those children quiet.

10. Can't you give them something to keep them quiet?

11. The young man was slowly going mad.

12. His mother-in-law was driving him mad.

13. The driver turned the corner too quickly.

14. The weather is turning warmer.

15. The hot weather turned all the milk sour.

16. The young man grew very depressed.

17. He grew his hair long.

18. He had made a great mistake.

19. His in-laws had simply made him their servant.

20. His wife sometimes made him curry.

21. But this made him more miserable.

22. Show me your passport. Show me.

23. Did you see anyone? Did you say anything?

24. I didn't tell anybody anything.


(3) State the syntactic functions of the underlined phrases.

1. She felt a sharp pain. She felt a complete idiot.

2. John grew a beard. John grew angry.

3. We are keeping calm. We are keeping the jewellery.


(4) Using tree-diagrams or bracketing, illustrate the structure of the
underlined phrases.

1. Did you see the man near the table with glasses?

2. They are French history students.

3. The Japanese car salesman is here.


(5)[2] Pick out the subordinate (i.e. dependent) clause in each of the
sentences below. Label the constituent parts, both of the main clause and
of the subordinate clause, and indicate the relationship between the two
clauses. For example:

S P DO Atime

You / must add / the raisins / (after / you / pour / the syrup / over the
crumbs(.
S P
DO Aplace


1. I don't believe that those bookshelves are popular anywhere yet.


2. What that advertisement says is not true.


3. What that advertisement says, I simply don't believe.


4. I'll believe it when I see the results.


5. Can you tell us when we shall see the results?


6. I was saying could you call me in the evening?


7. I guess I've eaten chicken six or seven times.


8. You didn't leave the tap open after you shut off the water supply.


9. Where the plane crashed, the snow is still falling heavily.


10. Where the plane crashed is still not known.


(6) Analyse the following sentences in terms of sentence elements.

(a)

1. After we had finished dinner, the children kindly offered to do the
dishes.


2. Jane was preparing breakfast while I slept.


3. You know who these people are.


4. Richard left dirty footmarks wherever he went.


5. That it was done deliberately is quite clear.


6. The truth is that he does not work hard enough.


7. I thoroughly enjoyed meeting Jane again.


8. Can't you give those children something to keep them quiet?


9. The train standing at Platform Six is the Manchester train.


10. The book which you gave me last week is very interesting.


(b)

1. Bill sent his wife a message.

2. The shipyard is building a new oil-tanker.

3. Harry is sitting in the garden.

4. The children will put their muddy boots on the kitchen floor.

5. Susan is a first-class journalist.

6. Last night's storm blew over the tree in the corner.

7. The committee has appointed Edward its secretary.

8. Our parking time expired five minutes ago.

9. Harry was telling us a funny story.

10. The branch is breaking.

11. My coat is the brown one.
PARTS OF SPEECH (WORD CLASSES) AND THE MORPHEMIC STRUCTURE OF WORDS

(7) Classify the underlined words as parts of speech.


(a)[3]


1. Is it right to say that right wrongs no man?

2. One cannot right all the wrongs in the world.

3. Cure that cold with a drink of hot lemon before you go to bed.

4. Drink this quick! Don't let it get cold.

5. Before the Fire, there had been a plague, the like of which had not been


known before and has not been seen since.

6. It is a common failing to suppose we are not like other men, that we are
not

as other people are.

7. As your doctor, I must warn you that the results of taking this drug may
be

very serious.

8. Growth in weight results in the development of muscles and fat.

9. Warm pan, sift dry ingredients and stir well.

10. Dry hair thoroughly with warm towel and comb.


(b)

1. He's a kindly person. He behaved kindly.

2. Pass me the hammer. You should hammer that nail right in.

3. I must perfect the operation to make the perfect robot.

4. Disappointed by Jane again, he left an even more disappointed man.

5. If there's no light on the ceiling, light a lamp to make the room light.

6. Turn right at the corner, then make another right turn at the police
station.

7. She ran down the road.

8. She left the headlights on and ran down the battery.

9. She fell down.

10. She's feeling very down today.

11. My quilt is filled with down.

12. Watch him down this schooner.

13. She looked down.


(8) List the factors that determine the class of a word. Accordingly,
classify the occurrences of round below as parts of speech.

1. He was knocked out in the second round.

2. The merry-go-round goes round and round.

3. He's just a square peg in a round hole.

4. Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran.

5. The milkman's round was not an easy one.

6. She rounded the corner at 95 miles per hour.

7. Now, round your lips to whistle.


(9) Divide the underlined words in the following sentences into morphemes
and state the type of each morpheme.

1. As an ageing man he was sometimes maddeningly unshakeable.

2. This door is unlockable.

3. I recalled his high spirits, his vitality, his confidence in the future
and his

disinterestedness.

4. The weeks, the months passed with unimaginable rapidity.

5. He muttered to himself and there could be no doubt that his mutterings

were disrespectful.

6. In that business one often has unpleasantness, but he consoled himself

that his daughters would marry well.

7. When Mother says something is unnecessary, it means that she strongly

disapproves.

8. He was less unwilling to leave Paris unvisited since each year he found
it

socially more unsatisfactory.

9. Thinking about it led us to an interesting conclusion.

10. They bought two reasonably-priced leather jackets.

11. A seventeenth century chair with beautifully carved legs was sold for
only

forty pounds.

12. Those two attractive flat-roofed villas are for sale.



COMMUNICATION TYPES OF SENTENCES

(10) State the communication t