Classic Chemistry Experiments - Kuchenbrod Science

Laboratory Manual
Chemistry I
by
Neil Rapp, Kelly Kuchenbrod, Greg Small, and Tom Jankowski
Table of Contents
Correlation of State Standards to Laboratory Activates |Lab title |Standards covered |
|Observations of Cupric Chloride |C.1.2 / C.1.3 / C.1.26 |
|Scientific measurement and density |C.1.1 / C.1.26 / C.1.32 |
|M & M isotopes |C.1.32 / C.1.34 / C.1.37 / C.1.41 |
|Flame tests |C.1.32 / C.1.34 / C.1.37 / C.1.41 |
|Chemistry of light |C.1.1 / C.1.26 / C.1.32 / C.1.37 |
| |/C.1.41 |
|Periodic trends |C.1.3 / C.1.33 / C.1.34 |
|Ionic bonding |C.1.33 / C.1.26 / C.1.36 / C.1.6 / |
| |C.1.7 |
|Formula of a hydrate |C.1.2 / C.1.3 / C.1.12 |
|Properties of ionic & covalent bonds|C.1.2 / C.1.8 / C.1.36 / C.1.35 / |
| |C.1.26 |
|Types of chemical reactions |C.1.3 / C.1.7 / C.1.9 / C.1.10/ |
| |C.1.11 |
|Building Molecules lab |C.1.26 / C.1.28 / C.1.34 / |
|Radiation lab |C.1.24 / C.1.32 / C1.43 |
|Mass-Mass Stoichometery |C.1.5 / C.1.9 / C.1.12 / C.1.13 / |
| |C.1.15 |
|Molar volume of a gas |C.1.2 / C.1.3 / C.1.5 / C.1.9 / |
| |C.1.15 / C.1.30 |
|Acids and Bases |C.1.2 / C.1.25 / C.1.3 / C.1.18 |
|Standardization of sodium hydroxide |C.1.2 / C.1.3 / C.1.5 / C.1.11 / |
| |C.1.19 |
|Titration of Vinegar |C.1.2 / C.1.8 / C1.11 / C.1.19 |
|Titration of an Antacid |C.1.2 / C.1.8 / C1.11 / C.1.19 |
|Preparation of Aspirin |C .1.44 / C.1.45 / C.1.15 / C.1.25 / |
| |C.2.4 |
|Preparation of Soap |C .1.44 / C.1.45 / C.1.25 / C.2.4 |
|Simple Sugars |C .1.44 / C.1.45 / C.1.1 / C.1.2 |
|Organic Molecules Alkanes, Alkenes, |C.1.7 / C .1.44 / C.1.45 |
|and Alkynes | |
Laboratory Safety and Equipment Learning to work in a safe environment in the laboratory is one of the
most important topics in an introductory chemistry course. Many hazards
exist when working with both common and dangerous chemicals. In this
section, you will find guidelines that you will be required to follow
throughout the entire course. By following these guidelines, you will
greatly reduce the chances of injury to your classmates, your laboratory,
and yourself. Safety Contract
You will find two copies of the safety contract for this course. Before
you work with chemicals in the laboratory, you must sign one copy of the
contract. The other copy is to be kept in this lab manual. By signing
this contract, you agree to follow all safety procedures that are included
in the contract, as well as any special instructions given by the teacher
as needed throughout the duration of the course. Read and follow this
contract carefully! Lab Cleaning Checklist
On page 10, you will find a checklist of things that should be done before,
during, and after every laboratory session is provided. You will also find
this checklist on the back of the laminated equipment check-in sheet in
your lab equipment drawer. Safety Glasses - location: ______________________________________________
Locate the safety glasses cabinet and write its location in the line above.
OSHA approved eye protection is required at all times in the laboratory.
If you are working on completing a lab report, and you do not wish to wear
safety glasses, move to the classroom. Goggles are also provided to be
worn if preferred, or for those who wear eyeglasses. Your eyes are very
easy targets for accidents, and one of the most difficult to repair! Shower and Eye Bath - location: ________________________________________
Note the location of the shower and eye bath in your laboratory. These
should be turned on only in emergencies. Activating these devices, when
not an emergency situation, appropriate action will be taken. The shower
should be used when an all-over spill occurs, and is activated by pulling
the chain. The eye bath should be used when a chemical is present in the
eye, and is activated by pushing the large metal button with the eye wash
symbol. The eye should be held open and kept in the flow of the water for
at least 15 minutes. Gas Shut-Off - location: ________________________________________________
Locate the Gas Shut-Off button, and record its location in the blank above.
This is commonly a red button marked "Emergency Stop", or a 1/4 turn valve
labeled "gas shut-off". Pushing this button stops the flow of natural gas
to the entire laboratory, and turns off the electricity in the outlets near
gas valves. Again, this should only be used for emergencies. To turn the
gas back on, pull the button outward or reverse the valve. Fire Extinguisher - location: ____________________________________________
Locate the fire extinguisher, and note its location in the blank provided
above. Again, this is for true emergencies only, and punishment will
result if this item is used otherwise. Fire Blanket - location: _________________________________________________
Locate the fire blanket(s), and note the location above. If you should
ever catch your clothes on fire, wrap the blanket around you to extinguish
the flames. Stop, drop, and roll works too. Baking soda solution (NaHCO3) - location: ________________________________
Sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda, is used to neutralize acids and bases.
A solution of baking soda and water is kept in a specially labeled water
bottle for this use. If you should spill an acid or base, spray this
solution until no more bubbles are produced, which is a sign of complete
neutralization. Then clean up the spill as normal. This solution can also
be used on the skin in the event of an acid burn. Fume hood - location: __________________________________________________
The fume hood is used when hazardous or smelly fumes are present. The fan
inside the hood pulls the fumes out of the work area. One switch is for
the light, and the other for the fan. The hood door should never be
completely closed. Use the fume hood when dealing with strong acids (HCl,
HNO3), bases (ammonia), or chemicals with a strong, offensive smell (H2S,
acetic anhydride). Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) - location:
_____________________________
Write the locations of the MSDS sheets in the blank above. MSDS sheets are
required by law to be kept on file for every chemical in use in any work
area. For example, an MSDS sheet must be on file for items in a car
service garage for oil, brake fluid, etc., or even for correction fluid
("White-out") in an office. A MSDS provides information about the
chemical, safety precautions, possible hazards, and treatment in the event
of an accident. Many times MSDS sheets are attached the chemical bottle
itself. As a U.S. citizen, you have the right to know the hazards of any
chemical you are asked to use ("right-to-know" laws), as shown on the MSDS.
Any even so slightly suspected hazard is listed, so these are often over-
exaggerated.
Student Safety Contract
Purpose
Science is a hands-on laboratory class. You will be doing many laboratory
activities that require the use of hazardous chemicals. Safety in the
science classroom is the #1 priority for students, teachers, and parents.
To ensure a safe science classroom, a list of rules has been developed and
provided to you in this student safety contract. These rules must be
followed at all times. Both you and a parent or guardian must sign the last
page before you can participate in any laboratory activities. The contract
is to be kept in your science folder as a constant reminder of the safety
rules.
General Guidelines
1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory. 2. Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. If you do not
understand a direction or part of a procedure, ask the instructor before
proceeding.
3. Never work alone. No student may work in the laboratory without an
instructor present.
4. When first entering a science room, do not touch any equipment,
chemicals, or other materials in the laboratory area until you are
instructed to do so.
5. Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory. Do not
use laboratory glassware as containers for food or beverages.
6. Perform only those experiments authorized by the instructor. Never do
anything in the laboratory that is not called for in the laboratory
procedures or by your instructor. Carefully follow all instructions, both
written and oral. Unauthorized experiments are prohibited.
7. Be prepared for your work in the laboratory. Read all procedures
thoroughly before entering the laboratory. Never fool around in the
laboratory. Horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks are dangerous and
prohibited.
8. Observe good housekeeping practices. Work areas should be kept clean and
tidy at all times. Bring only your laboratory instructions, worksheets,
and/or reports to the work area. Other materials (books, purses, backpacks,
etc.) should be stored in the classroom are