Comoros LDCF prodoc UNEP - UNDP

Project Document Section 1: Project Identification 1.1 Project title: Adapting water resource management in the
Comoros to expected climate change.
1.2 Project number: LDL:
PMS:
1.3 Project type: 1.4 Trust Fund: LDCF 1.5 Strategic objectives: GEF strategic long-term objective: Climate Change
Adaptation Strategic programme for GEF IV: 1.6 UNEP priority: Climate Change 1.7 Geographical scope: - The Union of the Comoros 1.8 Mode of execution: External 1.9 Project executing organization: National Directorate of Environment
and Forests 1.10 Duration of project: 48 months
Commencing: November 2010
Completion: November 2014 1. Cost of project US$ % |Cost to the GEF Trust Fund |3,740,000 |28.65 |
| |UNEP: | |
| |1,020,000 | |
| |UNDP: | |
| |2,720,000 | |
|Co-financing | | |
|Cash | | |
|UNDP-TRAC |200,000 |1.53 |
|AfDB |6,398,106 |49.00 |
|AFD |1,020,000 |7.81 |
|ANACM |23,515 |0.18 |
|Ma-Mwe |568,147 |4.35 |
|UNDP-BCPR |918,550 |7.04 |
|Sub-total |9,128,318 |69.91 |
|In-kind | | |
|UNDP |148,000 |1.13 |
|Comoros Government |40,000 |0.31 |
|Sub-total |188,000 |1.44 |
|Total |13,056,318 |100 |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Project summary In line with guidance for the Least Developed Countries Fund, this proposal
seeks LDCF funding for a Full-Size Project in the Union of the Comoros to
implement the adaptation priority "increase in water supply" and contribute
to the adaptation priority "improvement of water quality", identified
during the National Adaptation Programme of Action process. The Comoros archipelago is made up of four islands: Grande Comore, Anjouan,
Mohéli and Mayotte. At present, the sovereignty of the Union of the Comoros
(hereafter referred to as 'the Comoros') is maintained in practice by all
but Mayotte. Classified among the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), the
Comoros is one of the poorest countries in the world, with an estimated GDP
of US$ 450 per capita (2006). Additionally, the population density is among
the highest in Africa (approximately 283 people per km2). The growth rate
of the population (2.1%) surpasses the economic growth rate (2% in 2007),
making it difficult for the government to provide basic social services
such as drinking water and health care. Furthermore, the Comoros has high
levels of poverty (55%), a chronic economic deficit and is considered a
highly indebted poor country. At present, only one of the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) is presently on-track (namely, MDG 4 "reduce child
mortality").

Climate change is likely to adversely affect the Comoros by resulting in:
i) changes in rainfall levels and patterns; ii) increased temperatures;
iii) sea level rise (and subsequent salinization of critical coastal
aquifers as a result of salt water intrusion); and iv) an increased
frequency of climatic hazards (such as tropical cyclones, droughts,
episodes of heavy rainfall and flooding). Exacerbating these climate change
impacts are the inherent environmental vulnerabilities of the Small Island
Developing States (SIDS) (including small land area, susceptibility to
natural disasters, geographical isolation, limited natural resources and
sensitive ecosystems) of which the Comoros is part. This, superimposed on
existing anthropogenic practices (such as the quickening pace of
deforestation rates for agricultural production), threatens water security,
food security, economic growth and the livelihoods of communities within
the Union of the Comoros. Climate change and variability (e.g. variations in rainfall, increase in
temperature, sea level rise and increased frequency in climatic hazards)
have a negative impact on water supply and quality in the Comoros by
reducing availability of water and dilution of contaminants (e.g.
pollutants, salts and sediment). This will continue to be the case unless
timely adaptation interventions are implemented. Indeed, water security and
quality have been identified by the Comoros Poverty Reduction and Growth
Strategy reports as among the most critical problems facing the Comoros.
Additionally, a vulnerability survey undertaken during the NAPA (2006)
process listed the water sector as being the second most vulnerable sector
to climate change. The problem is exacerbated by inadequate water resources
management including inter alia: i) limited and inadequate water supply;
ii) inadequate infrastructure and insufficient water treatment and; iii)
quality monitoring has resulted in poor access to potable water. Moreover,
people who do have access to drinking water frequently suffer from
waterborne diseases due to its poor quality.

Comorian communities, autonomous islands' governments, and the national
government presently lack the technical capacity, management capacity,
physical resources and financial resources to overcome or cope with water
resources management in the context of worsening climatic conditions. The
goal of the project is to adapt water resource management to climate change
in the Comoros whilst the project objective is to reduce the risk of
climate change on lives and livelihoods from impacts on water resources in
the Comoros. In so doing, this project will implement the adaptation
priority "increase in water supply" and contribute to the adaptation
priority "improvement of water quality", identified during the National
Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) process. The project will work on
the three islands that constitute the territory of the Comoros with a focus
on improving water resources management to increase water supply and
quality under changing climatic conditions. To achieve this, the following
outcomes will be delivered: 1. Institutions at a national (i.e. Ma-Mwe and ANACM) and community (i.e.
UCEA and UCEM) level strengthened to integrate climate change
information into water resources management.
2. Water supply and water quality improved for selected pilot communities
to combat impacts of climate change.
3. Awareness and knowledge of adaptation good practice increased for
continued process of policy review and development. Project outcomes will be jointly supported by the UNDP and UNEP.
Table of Contents Section 1: Project Identification 1
Section 2: Background and Situation Analysis (Baseline course of action) 7
2.1. Background and context 7
2.2. Pilot sites 21
2.3. Global significance 22
2.4. Threats, causes and barrier analysis 23
2.5. Institutional, sectoral and policy context 28
2.6. Stakeholder mapping and analysis 29
2.7. Baseline analysis and gaps 30
2.8. Linkages with other GEF and non-GEF interventions 33
2.9. Supporting climate change adaptation in the Comoros by UNDP and UNEP
34
Section 3: Intervention strategy (Alternative) 35
3.1. Project rationale, policy conformity and expected global
environmental benefits 35
3.2. Project goal and objective 39
3.3. Project components and expected results 39
3.4. Intervention logic and key assumptions 47
3.5. Risk analysis and risk management measures 48
3.6. Consistency with national priorities or plans 50
3.7. Additional cost reasoning 51
3.8. Sustainability 53
3.9. Replication 54
3.10. Public awareness, communications and mainstreaming strategy 55
3.11. Environmental and social safeguards 55
Section 4: Institutional Framework and Implementation Arrangements 56
Section 5: Stakeholder participation 58
Section 6: Monitoring and evaluation Plan 61
Section 7: Project Financing and Budget 63
7.1. Overall project budget 63
7.2. Project co-financing 64
7.3. Project cost-effectiveness 64
Appendices 66
Appendix 1: Budget by project components and UNEP budget lines 66
Appendix 2: Co-financing by source and UNEP budget lines 73
Appendix 3: Incremental cost analysis 76
Appendix 4: Results Framework 77
Appendix 5: Workplan and timetable 82
Appendix 6: Key deliverables and benchmarks 84
Appendix 7: Costed M&E plan 85
Appendix 8: Summary of reporting requirements and responsibilities 87
Appendix 9: Standard Terminal Evaluation TOR 88
Appendix 10: Decision-making flowchart and organizational chart 89
Appendix 11: Terms of Reference for Key Project Groups, Staff, and Sub-
Contractors