NC/NC3/2018 - unfccc

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GOVERNMENT OF THE


REPUBLIC OF SIERRA LEONE




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THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION OF SIERRA LEONE TO THE UNITED NATIONS
FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE















Foreword

His Excellency Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma President of the
Republic of Sierra Leone

On behalf of the Government and people of the Republic of Sierra Leone it
is my great pleasure to present this Third National Communications (TNC)
Report of Sierra Leone to the United Framework Convention of Climate Change
(UNFCCC)

This report on the Third National Communications of Sierra Leone was
prepared by Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Mitigation, Impact and Vulnerability
and other Cross-Cutting Task Teams of the Climate Change Project which was
implemented under the Meteorological Department(now Agency) of the Ministry
of Transport and Aviation in collaboration with the Climate Change
Secretariat of the Environment Protection Agency of Sierra Leone with
financial support from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and executed
by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The team comprised local
experts drawn from the University, Government Departments, Agencies and
Ministries as indicated in the Project Document.

As is evident in the report, Green House Gas emissions from key sectors
such as Energy, Industries, Agriculture and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) and
Waste have been reported on and climate change Mitigation and Adaptation
strategies for Sierra Leone were also developed.

The Inventory groups were ably assisted by Mr. Julius Mattai (Inventory
Component Consultant) of INTEGEMS CONSULTING Firm and the Local Consultant
Professor Ogunlade R. Davidson of the University of Sierra Leone whose
input were invaluable in the training of the team members on various
components of the project.

This report is also a synthesis of the many country-wide sensitization
workshops and training sessions organized by the climate change project
office under the Meteorological Agency of the Ministry of Transport and
Aviation in collaboration with the Climate Change Secretariat of the
Environment Protection Agency of Sierra Leone. The draft report has been
reviewed by imminent scientists both locally and internationally and the
National Inventory Report (NIR) was reviewed by the Global Support
Programme (GSP).

This report will serve as a partial fulfillment of the country's
obligations to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) as clearly stated in Article 4 and in accordance with Article 12
of the Convention. The Mitigation and Adaptation measures recommended in
this report will require both local and international support for their
implementation. With the preparation of this report, Sierra Leone will be
in the position to further the implementation of it's Nationally Determined
Contribution (NDC) and subsequently the Paris Agreement of 2015.

The report will also serve a useful purpose to the Government's decision
policy-makers and universities and other relevant stakeholders working
generally on climate change issues in the country.


His Excellency Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma


President of theRepublic of Sierra Leone

































Preface

This report was compiled by the Climate Change Project of the
Meteorological Agency (formerly Department) of the Ministry of Transport
and Aviation and with the collaboration of the Climate Change Secretariat
of the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) to meet Sierra Leone's
obligation to prepare and submit it's Third National communications (TNC)
to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by
the end of 2017.
The TNC has been prepared in accordance with the UNFCCC IPCC Report
guidelines for Parties not included in Annex 1 to the Convention.
The final electronic version of this report will be made available to the
general public on the website of EPA-SL (www.epa-sl.gov).
For any information please contact:

* Executive Chairperson
EPA-SL, Climate Change Secretariat and GEF Focal point.

* And the Acting Director Meteorological Agency and Focal Point of the
Convention.


Relevant sections of, or information from this report can be reproduced for
any related purposes except commercial or use as reference material
provided the source is properly be cited.























Contributing Authors
Chief Compiler
Dr. Reynold G. Johnson and assisted by Dr. Raymond G. Johnson (Institute of
Marine Biology and Oceanography (IMBO), Fourah Bay College, USL)

Editorial Work

Chief Editor
Prof. Ogunlade R. Davidson (University of Sierra Leone, Fourah Bay College
(FBC))

Editor
Dr. Reynold G. Johnson (Project Coordinator)

Component/Chapter Contributors

National circumstances
Prof. Ogunlade R. Davidson (FBC, USL)

Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Domestic MRV
Dr. Raymond G. Johnson,IMBO, USL)
Dr. Sahr Aruna (Deceased, Dept. of Physics, FBC)
Dr. Ronnie Frazer- Williams (Dept. of Chemistry, FBC)
Mr. Anthony Karim (Dept. of Chemistry, FBC)
Mr. Ibrahim Kamara (Meteorological Agency, MTA)
Mr. Gabriel kpaka (Meteorological Agency, MTA)
Mr. Lamin Samu (Dept. of Biological Sciences, FBC,)

Mitigation actions and their effects
Prof. Ogunlade R. Davidson (University of Sierra Leone, Fourah Bay College)
Dr. Kelleh Mansaray (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, FBC)
Mr. Benjamin Kamara (Energy, Directorate, Ministry of Energy)
Mrs. Kate Garnett, National Protected Area Authority (NPAA)
Mr. Mickail Turay (Ministry of Trade and Industry)
Mr. Francis Sankoh (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security)

Adaptation actions and their effects
Mr. Alrashid M. Bah (Environment Protection Agency -Sierra Leone)
Mr. Mohamed Ajuba Sherrif (PEMSD, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Food Security)
Mrs. Ettie Johnson (USL)
Mrs. Christiana Fortune (Environmental Health Division, Ministry of Health)

Dr. Mustapha Olagide Thomas (Dept. of Geology, FBC)
Dr. Raymond G. Johnson (IMBO, USL)

Systematic Observation
Mr. Alpha Bockari (Meteorological Agency, MTA)
Mr. Ibrahim Kamara (Meteorological Department, MTA)
Mr. Gabriel Kpaka (Meteorological Department, MTA)

Technology Transfer
Professor Ogunlade R. Davidson

International Reviewers
Mr. Bamian Damiano (Global Support Program)
Dr. Carlos Mendez (Global Support Program)

National Reviewers
Mr. Julius Matai (Director, INTEGEMS Consulting, SL)
Mr. Abdul Salim (Climate Change Secretariat, EPA-SL)































Executive Summary

Sierra Leone acceded to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) in 1995.
Signatories to the Convention are requested to report periodically on their
inventory of anthropogenic emissions and removals of greenhouse gases
(GHGs) not controlled by the Montreal Protocol as well as details of the
activities the Party has undertaken to implement the Convention.
Sierra Leone, which is a non-Annex I Party to the Convention, submitted its
Initial National Communication (INC) in November 2005. The INC included a
GHG inventory for the reference year 1994 in compliance with Articles 4 and
12 of the UNFCCC and prepared in accordance with the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1996 Revised Guidelines for Preparation of
National GHG Inventories. The INC also included vulnerability and
adaptation assessments for the agriculture, water, and coastal zone
sectors.

The Second National Communication (SNC) included GHG inventories for 2000-
05 (and reference year 2000), prepared using the same 1996 IPCC inventory
guidelines. The SNC also assessed climate change impacts for the key
sectors of health, human settlements, and tourism. Although not required as
a non-Annex I Party, Sierra Leone's SNC also included an assessment of
potential mitigation options to reduce GHG emissions without concrete
targets that will, just as importantly, improve energy efficiency.

This Third National Communication (TNC) includes GHG inventories for 2005-
10 (and reference year 2005), prepared using the 2006 IPCC inventory
guidelines. The TNC also assesses climate change impacts for the key
sectors of agriculture, water, health, coastal areas, human settlements,
and to some extent tourism. Sierra Leone's TNC also included an assessment
of potential mitigation options to reduce GHG emissions again without
concrete targets that will, just as importantly, improve energy efficiency.
Finally, other activities in support of the Convention, such as awareness
raising, a review of the national systematic observation systems, and a
technology needs assessment, are also described.

The TNC was implemented by the Ministry of Transport and Aviation's
Meteorological Department (now Agency) in collaboration with the
Environment Protection Agency (EPA-SL) , which has the responsibility for
the submission of the TNC.








National Circumstances

Sierra Leone is located in the Southern-Western part of the bulge of West
Africa. It lies between latitudes 7° and 10º N of the equator and between
longitude 10 and 13N of the Greenwich Meridian. The country has a surface
area of about 71,700 square kilometers (28000 square miles) with a
population of about 5 million growing at 2.5% per annum. Approximately 80-
90% of the population is in the rural areas. The vast majority of the
population subsists in poverty and most of it's people are malnourished as
a result of the 10 years civil conflict, EVD outbreak and its' share of
natural disasters (flooding and land(mud)) slides. Life expectancy at birth
is extremely low (less than 40 years). Infant mortality is am