chapter one - OER

EFFECT OF MANUAL GAMES ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN IGBO-EZE NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF
ENUGU STATE





BY

UGWU, JULIETH CHIZOBA
PG/M.ED/08/49908


DEPARTMENT OF ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA


JULY, 2016

TITLE PAGE

EFFECT OF MANUAL GAMES ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN IGBO-EZE NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF
ENUGU STATE


BY

UGWU, JULIETH CHIZOBA
PG/M.ED/08/49908

RESEARCH PROJECT
PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARTS EDUCATION, FACULTY OF EDUCATION,
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION
(ENGLISH)



SUPERVISOR: DR. J. U. AKABOGU


JULY, 2016

CERTIFICATION

I certify that Ugwu, Julieth Chizoba, a postgraduate student of the
Department of Arts Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka with
Registration Number PG/ME.d/08/49908 has satisfactorily completed the
requirements for award of the degree of Master in Arts Education (English).
The work embodied in this project is original and has not been submitted in
part or full for any other degree of this or any other university.


___________________________ ____________________
Ugwu, Julieth Chizoba Dr. J. U.
Akabogu
Reg No: PG/M.Ed/08/49908
Supervisor

APPROVAL PAGE

This thesis has been approved for the Department of Arts Education,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka.


By

____________________ _____________________
Dr. J. U. Akabogu
Internal Examiner
Supervisor





___________________ ______________________
External Examiner Prof. P.N.
Uzoegwi Head of
Department




__________________________
Prof. (Mrs.) S. C. Nwizu
Dean of Faculty






DEDICATION

This research work is dedicated to Almighty God for his infinite
mercy towards this work.

















ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to thank God for His continuous presence, protections, love
and guidance which gave me life, wisdom, strength and opportunity to carry
out this exercise. The completion of this work is completely by His grace.
I wish to express my profound gratitude to my supervisor Dr. J. U.
Akabogu, who took time to supervise the work. I sincerely appreciate your
guidance, encouragement, ever ready assistance and your valuable
suggestion which helped in the course of this study. I also appreciate the
contributions and support of my lecturers and friends Dr. C. I. Egbe, Dr.
E. N. Oluikpe, Dr. C. I. Ibenegbu,, Dr. U. F. Udeh, Dr. M. O. Omeje, Mr. K.
O. Eze, Mr. C. S. Ugwuanyi and other lecturers who contributed in one way
or the other to the actualization of this my dream.
I remain eternally grateful to my immediate family particularly my
caring mother, Mrs. Veronica Ugwu; mother in a million, for instilling in
me the spirit of continuous struggle, even in the face of difficulties. It
is this spirit that has led me on in my academic pursuit.
Finally, my special appreciation goes to my husband Amechi Ogbu,
whose love encouragement, prayer, support and sponsorship facilitated this
work.






TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
i
Certification
ii
Approval Page
iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents
vi
List of Tables
viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem
12
Purpose of the Study
13
Significance of the Study
14
Scope of the Study
16
Research Questions
16
Hypotheses 17
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 18
Conceptual Framework 19
. Concept of Language 19
. English as a Second Language 23
. Concept of Grammar 29
. Games in Language Teaching and Learning 35
. Manual Games in Language Teaching and Learning 37
Theoretical Framework 39
. The Constructivist Theory 39
. Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
42
. Skinners Theory of Learning 43
Empirical Studies
45
. Studies on Manual Games and Achievement 45
. Studies on Grammar and Achievement 47
. Studies on Gender and Achievement
50
. Studies on Ability Level and Achievement
52
Summary of Literature Review 54
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD 57
Design of the Study
57
Area of the Study
57
Population of the Study
58
Sample and Sampling Techniques
58
Instrument for Data Collection
59
Validation of the Instrument
59
Reliability of the Instrument
60
Experimental Procedure 60
Method of Data Analysis
64
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 65
Summary of the Findings
72
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUMMARY
Discussion of the Findings
74

Conclusion 77

Educational Implications
77

Recommendations
78

Limitations of the Study
79

Suggestions for Further Studies
79

Summary of the Study 79
REFERENCES 82
APPENDICES 88
Appendix A: English Grammar Achievement Test (EGAT)
88
Appendix B: English Grammar Achievement Test Marking Scheme
90
Appendix C: Table of Specification/ Test Blue-Print for English
Grammar Achievement Test
91
Appendix D: Lesson Plan for the Experimental Group
92
Appendix E: Lesson Plan for the Control Group
104
Appendix F: The Game for Grammar Instruction
114
Appendix G: Request for Validation of Instrument
115
Appendix H: Validators' Comments on the Validity of Instrument
116
Appendix I: Computation of Reliability Index
119
Appendix J: Analysis of output
124
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Mean and Standard Deviation of Achievement Scores of Students
Taught English Grammar with Manual Games and those Taught with the
Conventional Discussion Technique

Table 2: Mean and Standard Deviation of Achievement Scores of Male and
Female Students in English Grammar

Table 3: Mean and Standard Deviation of Achievement Scores of High and Low
Ability Level Students in English Grammar

Table 4: Mean and Standard Deviation of Achievement Scores of Students for
the Interaction Effect of Technique and Gender on Students' Mean
Achievement Scores in English Grammar

Table 5: Mean and Standard Deviation of Achievement Scores of Students for
the Interaction Effect of Techni